Whole Colostrum Powder – 250 g

<h3><strong>Why Choose Big Food Whole Colostrum Powder?</strong></h3>

<p class="p3"> Big Food Whole Colostrum Powder – 250g is a pure product made from the first milk (colostrum) a cow produces shortly after giving birth. This colostrum is carefully processed and dried into a fine powder that is easy to use in drinks, smoothies, or dishes. It naturally contains proteins, immunoglobulins (IgG), lactoferrin, and growth factors, which many people consider valuable components of a balanced diet.</p>

<p class="p2"></p>

<h3> <strong>What makes this product unique?</strong>
</h3>

<ul>

<li>

<p class="p1"> 100% pure colostrum – from grass-fed cows</p>


</li>

<li>

<p class="p1"> Naturally rich in immunoglobulins (IgG)</p>


</li>

<li>

<p class="p1"> Contains lactoferrin and natural growth factors</p>


</li>

<li>

<p class="p1"> Free from synthetic additives, hormones and antibiotics</p>


</li>

<li>

<p class="p1"> Packaged in a handy resealable 250g jar</p>


</li>


</ul>

<p class="p2"></p>

<h3> <strong>Main components of colostrum</strong>
</h3>

<ul>

<li>

<p class="p1"> <span class="s1"><strong>Immunoglobulins (IgG):</strong></span> natural antibodies found in colostrum</p>


</li>

<li>

<p class="p1"><span class="s1"><strong>Lactoferrin:</strong></span> a natural protein associated with iron binding</p>


</li>

<li>

<p class="p1"> <span class="s1"><strong>Growth factors:</strong></span> naturally present in colostrum</p>


</li>

<li>

<p class="p1"> <span class="s1"><strong>Proteins and amino acids:</strong></span> contribute to protein intake in a varied diet</p>


</li>


</ul>

<p class="p2"></p>

<h3> <strong>Use in your routine</strong>
</h3>

<p class="p3"> Colostrum powder can be easily mixed with water, smoothies, or shakes. Its neutral, slightly creamy flavor makes it a great addition to both hot and cold dishes.</p>

<p class="p2"></p>

<h3> <strong>Big Food Colostrum Combining</strong>
</h3>

<p class="p3"> Many users choose to combine colostrum with other supplements such as:</p>

<ul>

<li>

<p class="p1"> <span class="s1"><strong>Probiotics</strong></span> – often used together in nutritional routines</p>


</li>

<li>

<p class="p1"> <span class="s1"><strong>Collagen</strong></span> – popular with people who want to supplement their diet with extra protein</p>


</li>

<li>

<p class="p1"><span class="s1"><strong>Omega-3 supplements</strong></span> – widely used in various diets</p>


</li>


</ul>

<p></p>

<p></p>

<p> <strong><span style="font-size: 18px;">The information below goes into great detail. It's a bit of a read, but it will answer all your questions.</span></strong></p>

<p> <strong><span style="font-size: 18px;">With Big Food Colostrum you know we don't hide anything, we are transparent and deliver the best quality</span></strong></p>

<p></p>

<p> <strong>Contents in bovine colostrum</strong></p>

<p> <em>Bovine colostrum contains very high levels of over one hundred bioactive factors, including immunoglobulins, anti-inflammatory factors, antimicrobial factors, and growth factors. These bioactive factors are present in a complex but important matrix along with high levels of other nutrients, minerals, vitamins, lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins. Because of its complex composition, bovine colostrum can be considered a kind of "supernutrient."</em></p>

<p> <strong>The colostrum milk matrix</strong></p>

<p><u><a href="https://biodanepharma.info/bovine-colostrum/">Bovine colostrum</a></u> contains over a hundred known bioactive factors, with new ones being identified every year. This growing list expands the colostrum matrix of bioactive factors and nutrients, making it difficult to determine and understand the roles and mechanisms of each individual component. Furthermore, it is highly likely that some factors remain unidentified or fully understood.</p>

<p>Many of the bioactive factors can interact with each other and exert cumulative effects. The benefits of colostrum are likely not due to one or a few isolated factors, but rather to the sum of large groups or all of them; a concept known as nutritional synergy (Jacobs &amp; Tapsell, 2013). Some of these interactions are known, while others remain to be discovered. The full bioactive potential of these factors is difficult to study when they are separated from the contextual composition of the <u><a href="https://biodanepharma.info/what-is-colostrum/">colostrum</a></u> milk matrix (Yan &amp; Hancock, 2001; Chatterton et al., 2013). The milk matrix in colostrum likely influences the release, transformation, and bioactivity of certain nutrients and bioactive factors in the intestines, and some effects are likely due to interactions between different bioactive factors. Moreover, many proteins and compounds found in colostrum survive digestion better when incorporated into the milk matrix. In short, the complex structure of whole colostrum is considered important (Kehoe et al., 2013; Rathe et al., 2014; Pontoppidan et al., 2015).</p>

<p>Altering the <u><a href="https://biodanepharma.info/what-is-colostrum/">colostrum</a></u> milk matrix also affects its bioactivity. Excessive processing (e.g., heating, filtering, and spray drying) and drying or mixing alters the bioactive properties of colostrum components and reduces their antimicrobial properties and beneficial effects on the gastrointestinal tract (Foley &amp; Otterby, 1978; Li et al., 2013).</p>

<p> <strong>Important components in colostrum</strong></p>

<p>The most important and significant characteristic of <u><a href="https://biodanepharma.info/bovine-colostrum/">bovine colostrum</a></u> is its remarkably high levels of various biologically active molecules essential for specific functions. Some of the most important of these bioactive factors are immunoglobulins, growth factors, antimicrobial factors, and anti-inflammatory factors. Colostrum also contains the same vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, and proteins as mature milk, only in higher concentrations. All of these compounds are important for the maturation of the newborn calf's gastrointestinal tract and immune system, enabling it to cope with the challenges of life outside the womb (Pakkanen &amp; Aalto, 1997; Kelly, 2003).</p>

<p></p>

<p> <strong>Bioactive properties</strong></p>

<p>The bioactive factors found in <u><a href="https://biodanepharma.info/bovine-colostrum/">bovine colostrum</a></u> include components with biological effects on nutrients that go beyond simple macronutrient and micronutrient provision, such as improving nutrient absorption, stimulating growth, defending against enteric pathogens, and modulating the immune system. This group includes <u><a href="https://biodanepharma.info/--immunoglobulins/">immunoglobulins</a></u> , <u><a href="https://biodanepharma.info/growth-factors/">growth factors</a></u> , <u><a href="https://biodanepharma.info/immune-regulating-and-anti-inflammatory-factors/">anti-inflammatory factors</a></u> , and <u><a href="https://biodanepharma.info/antimicrobial-factors/">antimicrobial factors</a></u> .</p>

<p></p>

<p> <strong><em>Immunoglobulins</em></strong></p>

<p><u><a href="https://biodanepharma.info/bovine-colostrum/">Colostrum</a></u> is the calf's only natural source of immunoglobulins. These immune components are crucial for the calf's survival, as they are essential for the maturation of the immune system (Pakkanen &amp; Aalto, 1997). Immunoglobulins are well-known components of the immune system and are an important part of the adaptive immune system, as they neutralize enteric pathogens such as bacteria, microbes, and viruses (Janeway, 2001). The immunoglobulins in <u><a href="https://biodanepharma.info/bovine-colostrum/">bovine colostrum</a></u> are of five different types, called isotypes:</p>

<ul>

<li>IgA protects the intestinal epithelium against enteric pathogens and toxins and is found in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and urogenital tracts, as well as in saliva and breast milk (Underdown &amp; Schiff, 1986; Mantis et al., 2011). IgD can activate specific types of white blood cells to produce antimicrobial factors and is found in the blood serum (Chen <em>et al</em> ., 2009).</li>

<li> IgE is involved in allergies because it binds to allergens and triggers the release of histamine from specific white blood cells, but it can also protect against enteric pathogens, such as parasitic worms. It is found in blood serum (Pier et al., 2005).</li>

<li> IgG exists in four forms and is the most abundant immunoglobulin in the bloodstream. It is the main component of immunity against invading enteric pathogens (Pier et al., 2005).</li>

<li>IgM is involved in eliminating enteric pathogens until sufficient amounts of IgG are present (Pier et al., 2005).</li>


</ul>

<p></p>

<p> Immunoglobulins constitute the largest group of immune components in colostrum (Kehoe et al., 2007), and levels are approximately 100 times higher in bovine colostrum than in mature bovine milk (Pakkanen &amp; Aalto, 1997). The dominant immunoglobulin in bovine colostrum is IgG, which comprises 85–90% of the total immunoglobulin content, with IgG1 comprising up to 80–90% of the total IgG content (Larson et al., 1980; Barrington et al., 1997). The immunoglobulins IgG2, IgM, and IgA are present in lower concentrations, but still at much higher concentrations than in mature milk; see Table 1 (Weaver et al., 2000; McGuirk &amp; Collins, 2004).</p>

<p></p>

<p> Table 1. Concentrations of the immunoglobulins IgG1, IgG2, IgA and IgM in bovine colostrum and mature milk (Pakkanen &amp; Aalto, 1997; Kelly, 2003; Kehoe et al., 2007; Stelwagen et al., 2009).</p>

<table>

<tbody>

<tr>

<td>

<p> <strong>Factor</strong></p>


</td>

<td>

<p> <strong>Colostrum</strong></p>


</td>

<td>

<p><strong>Ripe Milk</strong></p>


</td>


</tr>

<tr>

<td>

<p> IgG1</p>


</td>

<td>

<p> 34.0-87.0 g/L</p>


</td>

<td>

<p> 0.31-0.40 g/L</p>


</td>


</tr>

<tr>

<td>

<p> IgG2</p>


</td>

<td>

<p> 1.6-6.0 g/L</p>


</td>

<td>

<p> 0.03-0.08 g/L</p>


</td>


</tr>

<tr>

<td>

<p> IgA</p>


</td>

<td>

<p> 1.7-6.2 g/L</p>


</td>

<td>

<p> 0.04-0.06 g/L</p>


</td>


</tr>

<tr>

<td>

<p> IgM</p>


</td>

<td>

<p> 3.7-6.1 g/L</p>


</td>

<td>

<p> 0.03-0.06 g/L</p>


</td>


</tr>


</tbody>


</table>

<p></p>

<p> The concentration and class of immunoglobulins in colostrum and milk reflect the route and origin of the immunoglobulins. The very high levels of IgG1 are due to this immunoglobulin being selectively transported into the cow's milk, while the presence of IgA and IgM immunoglobulins is due to active transport from local synthesis in the udder (Larson et al., 1980). High-quality colostrum is defined by an IgG concentration greater than 50 g/L (McGuirk &amp; Collins, 2004).</p>

<p></p>

<p>Immunoglobulin content and composition in colostrum are influenced by a number of factors including breed, herd, age of mother, season of calving, diet during parturition, volume of colostrum produced, time of collection, vaccination of mother, feed, number of calves and number of lactations (Weaver et al., 2000; Kelly, 2003; Godden, 2008).</p>

<p></p>

<p> <strong><em>Immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory factors</em></strong></p>

<p>The contents of <u><a href="https://biodanepharma.info/bovine-colostrum/">bovine colostrum</a></u> belong to both the innate and adaptive immune systems. The innate immune system is the first line of defense, protecting against enteric infectious pathogens by detecting and eliminating them through a complex interaction of cellular and molecular processes. Later, the adaptive immune system takes over, with a response mediated by T and B cells that rely on memory to quickly respond to threats to which it has previously been exposed (Stelwagen et al., 2009).</p>

<p></p>

<p>Immunoglobulins are the key component of the adaptive immune system, but <u><a href="https://biodanepharma.info/bovine-colostrum/">bovine colostrum</a></u> contains a wide range of other immunoregulatory factors important for the maturation of the calf's immune system (Kehoe et al., 2007; Rathe et al., 2014). Trypsin inhibitor is a protease that protects IgGs and other bioactive proteins from degradation in the intestine. It is present in bovine colostrum at concentrations nearly 100 times higher than in mature milk (Godden, 2008). A wide range of components related to the innate immune system have been identified in bovine colostrum, including cytokines, maternal leukocytes, oligosaccharides, gangliosides, proteins and peptides, and many more (Stelwagen et al., 2009).</p>

<p></p>

<p>Cytokines are small hormone-like proteins involved in cell signaling, pathogen recognition, and immune cell recruitment in the immune system. They regulate the development and expression of a wide range of immune responses against a variety of enteric pathogens, as they are the critical determinants of which immune cell types are needed to regulate and participate in both innate and adaptive immune responses. As such, they act both in local and systemic environments. Cytokines themselves are also directly antimicrobial (Banyer et al., 2000; Mookherjee and Hancock, 2007). Cytokines include interleukins (e.g., IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-11, IL-12, IL-17), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interferon (INF-γ), and other compounds that contribute to the control of infection and inflammation (Wheeler et al., 2007; Rathe et al., 2014).</p>

<p></p>

<p><u><a href="https://biodanepharma.info/bovine-colostrum/">Bovine colostrum</a></u> also contains maternal leukocytes. The concentration is normally greater than 1,000,000 cells/ml of immunologically active white blood cells, including macrophages, T and B lymphocytes, neutrophils, and epithelial cells (Barrington et al., 1997). These cells are involved in protecting the body against enteric pathogens and infectious diseases, both by directly killing them and by stimulating a local immune response, including the production of IgG, cytokines, and antimicrobial peptides (Godden, 2008; Stelwagen et al., 2009).</p>

<p></p>

<p> Bioactive oligosaccharides are also found in bovine colostrum. These can also protect against pathogens and promote the growth of beneficial bacterial flora in the intestinal lumen by acting as competitive inhibitors for binding sites on intestinal epithelial surfaces (Gopal &amp; Gill, 2000; Godden, 2008; Rathe et al., 2014).</p>

<p></p>

<p>Gangliosides are polar lipids found in the membrane of milk fat globules and involved in various functions. They are also involved in various biological processes, such as neural development, pathogen binding, and immune system activation (Lee et al., 2013).</p>

<p></p>

<p> Certain microRNAs with immunoregulatory potential are also present in bovine colostrum. These compounds are contained in microvesicles that are stable under gastrointestinal conditions and therefore potentially reach immune cells in intestinal lymphoid tissues (Pakkanen &amp; Aalto, 1997).</p>

<p></p>

<p> <strong><em>Growth factors</em></strong></p>

<p><u><a href="https://biodanepharma.info/bovine-colostrum/">Bovine colostrum</a></u> contains several growth factors that specifically stimulate intestinal growth and development, such as insulin-like growth factors, epidermal growth factors, transforming growth factors, and platelet-derived growth factors (Thapa, 2005). They control cell division and cell differentiation, thus promoting the growth and development of a variety of tissues in calves (Rathe et al., 2014). Some growth factors are particularly important for the maturation of the gastrointestinal tract, as they are involved in both tissue growth and epithelial cell modifications, ultimately occluding the intestine and making it a formidable barrier to foreign bacteria, microbes, and pathogens (Xu, 1996; Elfstrand et al., 2002).</p>

<p></p>

<p>The most common and well-described growth factors are insulin growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II). These proteins promote cellular growth, differentiation, and tissue development in newborn calves and are important for the maturation and maintenance of intestinal integrity. They are heat- and acid-stable and can withstand the degradative conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, and their effects can therefore be both local and systemic (Pakkanen &amp; Aalto, 1997; Rathe et al., 2014). The homology between human and bovine insulin growth factors is 100%, suggesting similar physiological effects and highlighting bovine colostrum as an efficient supplement to the human diet (Chatterton et al., 2013). The reported concentrations are shown in Table 3.</p>

<p></p>

<p> Table 2. Concentrations of growth factors found in bovine colostrum and mature bovine milk (Pakkanen &amp; Aalto, 1997; Chatterton et al., 2013).</p>

<p></p>

<table>

<tbody>

<tr>

<td>

<p> <strong>Factor</strong></p>


</td>

<td>

<p> <strong>Colostrum</strong></p>


</td>

<td>

<p> <strong>Mature milk</strong></p>


</td>


</tr>

<tr>

<td>

<p>IGF-I</p>


</td>

<td>

<p> 49-2000 μg/L</p>


</td>

<td>

<p> 200-600 μg/L</p>


</td>


</tr>

<tr>

<td>

<p> IGF-II</p>


</td>

<td>

<p> 4-150 μg/L</p>


</td>

<td>

<p> 50-100 μg/L</p>


</td>


</tr>


</tbody>


</table>

<p></p>

<p> Transforming growth factors (TGF-α and TGF-βs) are also present in <u><a href="https://biodanepharma.info/bovine-colostrum/">bovine colostrum</a></u> . They are involved in maintaining epithelial function and integrity, and in regulating the immune system by inducing regulatory T cells, and are also anti-inflammatory. TGF-βs are important for tissue repair and stimulation of restitution, bone and cartilage formation, and immune system regulation (Pakkanen &amp; Aalto, 1997; Playford et al., 2000). TGF-βs in bovine and human <u><a href="https://biodanepharma.info/what-is-colostrum/">colostrum</a></u> are 100% structurally similar (Chatterton et al., 2013). Transforming growth factor-α is a peptide involved in maintaining epithelial function and integrity in the intestines (Playford et al., 2000; Rathe et al., 2014).</p>

<p></p>

<p>Epidermal growth factors (EGFs) are present in much smaller quantities than insulin-like growth factors. They stimulate epithelial cell production and promote wound healing, particularly in the intestines (Dvorak et al., 2003). They are only minimally degraded by heat and gastric acid and can therefore retain their biological activity until they reach the intestines (Britton et al., 1989). TGF-α may also belong to these groups, as it is involved in maintaining and developing epithelial function and integrity (Pakkanen &amp; Aalto, 1997). It has recently been reported that the milk fat globules epidermal factor-8 (MFG-E8) have significant anti-inflammatory effects and are present in <u><a href="https://biodanepharma.info/bovine-colostrum/">bovine colostrum</a></u> at high concentrations, ensuring adequate levels in the intestine (Chatterton et al., 2013).</p>

<p></p>

<p>Platelet-derived growth factors (PGFs) are a bioactive factor that triggers cell division in fibroblasts, the cells responsible for synthesizing the structural framework for animal tissues, and are thus important for wound healing (Pakkanen &amp; Aalto, 1997; Playford et al., 2000).</p>

<p></p>

<p> Other growth factors found in <u><a href="https://biodanepharma.info/bovine-colostrum/">bovine colostrum</a></u> include betacellulin, which is important in organ development in newborns, and vascular endothelial growth factors, which promote new blood vessel formation and cell division, thus contributing to wound healing (Playford et al., 2000).</p>

<p></p>

<p> <strong><em>Antimicrobial factors</em></strong></p>

<p><u><a href="https://biodanepharma.info/bovine-colostrum/">Bovine colostrum</a></u> contains several bioactive factors with antimicrobial activity that help protect against enteric pathogens. They provide passive immunity to the calf and protect against infection (Pakkanen &amp; Aalto, 1997). It has also been reported that specific peptides and proteins belonging to the innate immune system are likely antibacterial, antifungal, or antiviral, or a combination of these (Christoffersen, 2006; Fernandes, 2006).</p>

<p></p>

<p>Much of the antimicrobial activity of colostrum is due to immunoglobulins, although colostrum also contains other antimicrobial factors. Lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase are two antibacterial immune factors that belong to the innate immune system (Pakkanen &amp; Aalto, 1997). Lactoferrin is a glycoprotein with iron-binding, lipopolysaccharide-binding, immunomodulatory, antibacterial, and growth-regulating effects, and has been reported to reduce mortality and improve growth in newborn calves (Robblee et al., 2003; Wheeler et al., 2007). Lactoperoxidase is an enzyme that inhibits bacterial metabolism and is toxic to a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (Seifu et al., 2005). Lysozyme is an antibacterial enzyme also found in the innate immune system. It is also toxic to Gram-negative bacteria, causing cell death by lysis, and to Gram-positive bacteria by inhibiting growth (Clare et al., 2003; Wheeler et al., 2007). The presence of lactoferrin enhances the antibacterial activity of lysozyme against the bacterium Escherichia coli (Pakkanen &amp; Aalto, 1997). The concentrations of the three bioactive factors are shown in Table 2 below.</p>

<p></p>

<p>Table 3. Concentrations of lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase and lysozyme, three antimicrobial factors in bovine colostrum and mature bovine milk (Pakkanen &amp; Aalto, 1997; Kehoe et al., 2007).</p>

<table>

<tbody>

<tr>

<td>

<p> <strong>Factor</strong></p>


</td>

<td>

<p> <strong>Colostrum</strong></p>


</td>

<td>

<p> <strong>Mature milk</strong></p>


</td>


</tr>

<tr>

<td>

<p> Lactoferrin</p>


</td>

<td>

<p> 0.8-5 mg/L</p>


</td>

<td>

<p> 0.1 mg/L</p>


</td>


</tr>

<tr>

<td>

<p> Lactoperoxidase</p>


</td>

<td>

<p> 11-45 mg/L</p>


</td>

<td>

<p> 13-30 mg/L</p>


</td>


</tr>

<tr>

<td>

<p> Lysozyme</p>


</td>

<td>

<p> 0.14-0.7 mg/L</p>


</td>

<td>

<p> 0.07-0.6 mg/L</p>


</td>


</tr>


</tbody>


</table>

<p></p>

<p> <strong>Nutrients</strong></p>

<p> <u><a href="https://biodanepharma.info/bovine-colostrum/">Bovine colostrum</a></u> contains the same basic nutrients as mature milk, but in significantly higher concentrations. These nutrients form the basic components necessary for survival and growth, and provide the energy required for the metabolic system to function, as well as the essential compounds required for metabolism. This group includes proteins and peptides, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, minerals, and ash.</p>

<p> <strong><em>Proteins and peptides</em></strong></p>

<p><u><a href="https://biodanepharma.info/what-is-colostrum/">Colostrum</a></u> contains significantly more protein than mature milk, primarily due to increased levels of immunoglobulins and casein. Milk proteins can be divided into two groups: soluble proteins, called whey proteins, and insoluble proteins, called caseins. In <u><a href="https://biodanepharma.info/bovine-colostrum/">bovine colostrum</a></u> , the total protein concentration is 150 g/L, with concentrations of 124 g/L whey protein and 26 g/L casein. This corresponds to a protein content at first milking of approximately 15%, but the amounts decrease to 3% in mature milk (Godden, 2008). This decrease includes a change in the whey protein to casein ratio from 70:30 in colostrum to 20:80 in mature milk. This change in ratio is important for digestion and motility in the gastrointestinal tract and is optimized for the infant's diet. Casein breakdown produces peptides that regulate gut motility and enhance calcium absorption (Zanker et al., 2001; McGuirk &amp; Collins, 2004; Kehoe et al., 2007; Chatterton et al., 2013). A summary of the physical, chemical, and structural aspects of milk proteins can be found in Table 1 in Chatterton et al., 2013.</p>

<p></p>

<p>Caseins are immunoregulatory, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory proteins. They are also important mineral binders, particularly for calcium and phosphorus, and improve digestion by forming a clot in the intestines, shortening intestinal transit time and increasing nutrient absorption (Pereira, 2014). They are poorly soluble and are found as small micelles in milk, bound together by hydrophobic interactions. Caseins form a clot in the stomach that ensures a slow, steady release of nutrients, making caseins very efficient at delivering nutrients (Chatterton et al., 2013). Casein contains a high percentage of the amino acids histidine, methionine, and phenylalanine (Pereira, 2014).</p>

<p></p>

<p>Whey protein describes the collection of soluble globular proteins in whey and is typically a mixture of α-lactalbumin, β-lactalbumin, serum albumins, immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, and lysozyme (Pereira, 2014). The whey protein α-lactalbumin is present in high quantities in bovine colostrum, comprising 28% of total protein and 40% of whey protein, while β-lactalbumin is present in lower concentrations. Both have very high nutritional value due to their high levels of essential amino acids (Kelleher et al., 2003), while α-lactalbumin also possesses antimicrobial properties and is important in the absorption of calcium and other minerals (Håkansson et al., 2000; Chatterton et al., 2006). Whey is particularly rich in branched-chain amino acids, such as leucine, isoleucine, valine, and lysine (Pereira, 2014).</p>

<p></p>

<p> Carbohydrates</p>

<p>Carbohydrates in bovine milk include lactose, glycolipids, glycoproteins, nucleotide sugars, and oligosaccharides. The dominant saccharide in bovine milk products is lactose, and the average lactose content in colostrum is reported to be 2.5% (Kehoe et al., 2007), corresponding to a concentration of 1 g/L (Saito, 2004), which is lower than in adult cow's milk and human milk (Urashima et al., 2001).</p>

<p></p>

<p> Dietary oligosaccharides have been shown to have bioactive properties. They are not digested in the upper intestine and reach the large intestine intact, where they are important for intestinal health; they function as prebiotics and act as substrates for beneficial gut flora, while also protecting against infectious pathogens that cause diarrhea (Koletzko et al., 1998; Zivkovic &amp; Barile, 2011). Bovine milk contains several oligosaccharides that are analogous and structurally similar to those found in human milk (Gopal &amp; Gill, 2000).</p>

<p></p>

<p> Fat and lipids</p>

<p>Average fat percentages in <u><a href="https://biodanepharma.info/bovine-colostrum/">bovine colostrum</a></u> have been reported at 6.7% (Kehoe et al., 2007). The lipid fraction in milk is found as dispersed droplets called milk fat globules. These droplets are surrounded by a three-layered membrane, the milk fat globule membrane, which is composed primarily of polar lipids, more than one hundred proteins, neutral lipids, and a few other minor components. The size of the fat globules is much larger in colostrum than in mature milk (Spitsberg, 2005).</p>

<p></p>

<p>Colostrum contains both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, and some of these lipid fractions are themselves bioactive. Some of the potentially bioactive saturated fatty acids include butyric acid, which modulates gene function; caprylic acid, which is potentially antiviral; and lauric acid, which may be both antiviral and antibacterial and is known to kill the bacterium Heliobactor pylori (Haug et al., 2007). Potentially bioactive unsaturated fatty acids include oleic acid, which is produced during intestinal digestion of colostrum fatty acids and has been reported to prevent Cryptosporidium parasites from adhering to the intestinal wall (Schmidt &amp; Kuhlenschmidt, 2008).</p>

<p></p>

<p>Gangliosides are polar lipids found in the membrane of milk fat globules and involved in various functions (Lee et al., 2013). Fat-soluble beta-carotene and other carotenoids are antioxidants and are also found in the membrane of milk fat globules, and the high concentration of these lipids accounts for the yellow color of <u><a href="https://biodanepharma.info/what-is-colostrum/">colostrum</a></u> (Patton <em>et al</em> ., 1990).</p>

<p></p>

<p> <strong><em>Vitamins</em></strong></p>

<p>Vitamins are antioxidants and help improve the immunity of various cell types <strong><em>.</em></strong> <u><a href="https://biodanepharma.info/what-is-colostrum/">Colostrum</a></u> contains both fat-soluble (A, D, and E) and water-soluble (B and C) vitamins. The B vitamins are important in various metabolic pathways, such as energy production from nutrients and hormone synthesis (Pereira, 2014), while vitamin C is essential for collagen production in connective tissue. Average concentrations of some of the water-soluble vitamins found in <u><a href="https://biodanepharma.info/bovine-colostrum/">bovine colostrum</a></u> are 0.34 g/ml niacin, 0.90 g/ml thiamine, 4.55 g/ml riboflavin, 0.60 g/ml vitamin B12, 0.15 g/ml pyridoxal, 0.21 g/ml pyridoxamine, and 0.04 g/ml pyridoxine (Kehoe et al., 2007).</p>

<p></p>

<p>The amount of fat-soluble vitamins depends on the fat content of the milk. Vitamin A is particularly important for growth, development, and immunity; vitamin D promotes the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the intestines and has immunoregulatory activities; vitamin E is a group of compounds that protect the body's cells from degradation (Pereira, 2014). Tocopherols belong to the vitamin E group and are therefore antioxidants. Unlike immunoglobulins, tocopherols cross the placental membranes to the fetus; newborns are still born with very low levels and are dependent on colostrum for a complete supply of this vitamin (Zanker et al., 2000). Average concentrations of some fat-soluble vitamins are reported as 4.9 g/g retinol, 2.9 g/g tocopherol, and 0.7 g/g β-carotene (Kehoe et al., 2007).</p>

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<p> <strong><em>Minerals and ash</em></strong></p>

<p>Recent findings reveal that the average concentrations of several essential minerals are significantly higher in <u><a href="https://biodanepharma.info/what-is-colostrum/">colostrum</a></u> than in mature cow's milk. Colostrum and milk in general are considered excellent natural sources of calcium and phosphorus (Pereira, 2014). Calcium is important for maintaining healthy bones and teeth, and is therefore crucial for the calf's growth, while phosphorus is vital for metabolism (Haug et al., 2007). Magnesium is also found in relatively high amounts in bovine colostrum, along with zinc and selenium (Pereira, 2014).</p>

<p> Average concentrations of selected minerals in <u><a href="https://biodanepharma.info/what-is-colostrum/">bovine colostrum</a></u> have been determined as (Kehoe et al., 2007):Calcium 4716 mg/kg</p>

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<ul>

<li> Phosphorus 4452 mg/kg</li>

<li> Magnesium 733 mg/kg</li>

<li> Sodium 1058 mg/kg</li>

<li> Potassium 2845 mg/kg</li>

<li> Zinc 38 mg/kg</li>

<li> Iron 5.3 mg/kg</li>

<li> Copper 0.3 mg/kg</li>

<li> Sulphur 2595 mg/kg</li>

<li>Manganese 0.1 mg/kg</li>


</ul>

<p></p>

<p> <strong>Factors influencing colostrum content</strong></p>

<p> The concentrations of bioactive factors in<strong><u> </u></strong><u><a href="https://biodanepharma.info/bovine-colostrum/">Bovine colostrum</a></u> is influenced by a number of factors including breed, herd, maternal age, season of calving, nutrition during parturition, volume of colostrum produced, time of collection, vaccination of the mother, feed, number of calves and number of lactations (Weaver et al., 2000; Elfstrand et al., 2002; Kelly, 2003; Kehoe et al., 2007; Godden, 2008).</p>

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<p> <strong>Colostrum management</strong></p>

<p>Keeping <a href="https://biodanepharma.info/bovine-colostrum/">bovine colostrum</a> intact rather than purifying every bioactive component is important to maximize its beneficial effects, as alterations to the colostrum matrix affect its bioactivity (Kehoe et al., 2013; Rathe et al., 2014; Pontoppidan et al., 2015). Excessive processing alters the bioactive properties of milk and reduces its antimicrobial properties and beneficial effects on the gastrointestinal tract (Li et al., 2013). Such diary processes include heat treatment, ultrafiltration, freeze-drying, spray-drying, and removal of lipids, carbohydrates, casein, or salts (Elfstrand et al., 2002). Dilution and mixing of bovine colostrum has also been shown to reduce its quality, likely due to insufficient provision of certain bioactive factors and nutrients (Foley &amp; Otterby, 1978). Freezing results in virtually no loss of nutrients from the colostrum during storage, while fermentation or chemical treatment alters its physical characteristics and inevitably results in nutrient loss (Foley &amp; Otterby, 1978). Regarding the importance of the milk matrix, these results emphasize the importance of using whole colostrum as a nutritional supplement for calves and humans.</p>

<p></p>

<p>Additional processing of <u><a href="https://biodanepharma.info/bovine-colostrum/">bovine colostrum</a></u> to produce a product with particularly high levels of immunoglobulins involves pasteurization, powdering, and removal of most of the milk fat, including casein, lactalbumin, and lactose. However, removal of the fat phase of colostrum often involves the removal of various fat-soluble vitamins and bioactive factors. This can impact the nutritional value of the product, as several important vitamins are fat-soluble and are contained within micelles, specialized fat globules found throughout milk or colostrum. There is a significant correlation between fat in colostrum and fat-soluble vitamin concentrations (Weiss et al., 1990; Kelly, 2003).</p>

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<p> <strong>References</strong></p>

<p> Banyer, JL, Hamilton, NH, Ramshaw, IA &amp; Ramsay, AJ (2000) Cytokines in innate and adaptive immunity. Reviews in Immunogenetics, 2(3), 359-373.</p>

<p>Barrington, GM, Besser, TE, Davis, WC, Gay, CC, Reeves, JJ &amp; McFadden, TB (1997) Expression of immunoglobulin G1 receptors by bovine mammary epithelial cells and mammary leukocytes. Journal of Diary Science, 80(1), 86-93.</p>

<p> Britton, JR, George-Nascimento, C., Udall, JN &amp; Koldovsky, O. (1989) Minimal hydrolysis of epidermal growth factor by gastric fluid of preterm infants. Gut, 30(3), 327-332.</p>

<p> Chatterton, DEW, Smithers, G., Roupas, P. &amp; Brodkorb, A. (2006) Bioactivity of β-lactalbumin and α-lactalbumin – technological implications for processing. International Dairy Journal, 16(11), 1229-1240.</p>

<p> Chatterton, DE, Nguyen, DN, Bering, SB &amp; Sangild, PT (2013) Anti-inflammatory mechanisms of bioactive milk proteins in the intestine of newborns. The International Journal of Biochemistry &amp; Cell Biology, 45(8), 1730-1747.</p>

<p>Chen, K., Xu, W., Wilson, M., He, B., Miller, N.W., Bengtén, E., Edholm, E.S., Santini, P.A., Chiu, A., Cattalini, M., Litzman, J., Bussel, J., Huang, B., Meini, A., Riesbeck, K., Cunningham-Rundles, C., Plebani, A. &amp; Cerutti, A (2009) Immunoglobulin D enhances immune surveillance by activating antimicrobial, proinflammatory and B cell-stimulating programs in basophils. Nature Immunology, 10(8), 889-898.</p>

<p> Christoffersen, RE (2006) Antibiotic – an investment worth making? Nature Biotechnology, 24, 1512-1514.</p>

<p> Clare, DA, Catigani, GL, Swaisgood, HE (2003) Biodefense properties of milk: the role of antimicrobial proteins and peptides. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 9(16), 1239-1255.</p>

<p> Dvorak, B., Fituch, CC, Williams, CS, Hurst, NM &amp; Schanler, RJ (2003) Increased epidermal growth factor levels in human milk of mothers with extremely premature infants. Pediatric Research, 54(1), 15-19.</p>

<p>Elfstrand, L., Lindmark-Månsson, H., Paulsson, M., Nyberg, L. &amp; Åkesson, B. (2002) Immunoglobulins, growth factors and growth hormone in bovine colostrum and the effects of processing. International Dairy Journal, 12, 879-887.</p>

<p> Fernandes, P. (2006) Antibacterial discovery and development - the failure of success? Nature Biotechnology, 24(12), 1497-1503.</p>

<p> Foley, JA &amp; Otterby, DE (1978) Availability, storage, treatment, composition, and feeding value of surplus colostrum: a review. Journal of Diary Science, 61(8), 1033-1060.</p>

<p> Godden, S. (2008) Colostrum management for dairy calves. Veterinary Clinics: Food Animal Practice, 24, 19-39.</p>

<p> Gopal, PK &amp; Gill, HS (2000) Oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates in bovine milk and colostrum. British Journal of Nitrution, 84(Suppl. 1), S69-S74.</p>

<p> Haug, A., Høstmark, AT &amp; Harstad, OM (2007) Bovine milk in human nutrition – a review. Lipids in health and disease, 6, 25-41.</p>

<p>Håkansson, A., Svensson, M., Mossberg, A.-K., Sabharwal, H., Linse, S., Lazou, I., Lönnerdal, B. &amp; Svanborg, C. (2000) A folding variant of alpha-lactalbumin with bactericidal activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Molecular Microbiology, 35(3), 589-600.</p>

<p> Jacobs, DR &amp; Tapsell, LC (2013) Food synergy: the key to a healthy diet. The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 72, 200-206.</p>

<p> Janeway, C. (2001) Immunobiology (5th ed.). Garland Publishing.</p>

<p> Kelleher, SL, Chatteron, DEW, Nielsen, K. &amp; Lönnerdal, B. (2003) Glycomacropeptide and alpha-lactalbumin supplementation of infant formula affects growth and nutritional status in infant rhesus monkeys. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 77(5), 1261-1268.</p>

<p> Kelly, GS (2003) Bovine colostrums: a review of clinical uses. Alternative Medicine Review, 8, 378-394.</p>

<p>Kehoe, SI, Jajaro, BM &amp; Heinrichs, AJ (2007) A survey of bovine colostrum composition and colostrum management practices on Pennsylvania dairy farms. Journal of Diary Science, 90(9), 4108-4116.</p>

<p> Koletzko, B., Aggett, PJ, Bindels, JG &amp; Bung, P. (1998) Growth, development and differentiation: a functional food science approach. British Journal of Nutrition, 80(1), S5-S45. Doi: 10.1079/BJN19980104.</p>

<p> Larson, BL, Heary Jr., HL &amp; Devery, JE (1980) Immunoglobulin production and transport by the mammary gland. Journal of Diary Science, 63(4), 665-671.</p>

<p> Lee. H., German, JB, Kjelden, R., Lebrilla, CB &amp; Barile, D. (2013) Quantitative analysis of gangliosides in bovine milk and colostrum-based dairy products by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 61(40), 9689-9696.</p>

<p>Li, Y., Østergaard, MV, Jiang, P., Chatterton, DEW, Thymann, T., Kvistgaard, AS &amp; Sangild, PT (2013) Whey protein processing influences formula-induced gut maturation in preterm pigs. The Journal of Nutrition, 143(12), 1934-1942.</p>

<p> Mantis, NJ, Rol, N. &amp; Corthesy, B. (2011) Secretory IgA's complex roles in immunity and mucosal homeostasis in the gut. Mucosal Immunology, 4(6), 603–611.</p>

<p> McGuirk, SM &amp; Collins, M. (2004) Managing the production, storage, and delivery of colostrum. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 20, 593-603.</p>

<p> Mookherjee, N. &amp; Hancock, REW (2007) Cationic host defense peptides: Innate immune regulatory peptides as a novel approach for treating infections. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 64, 922.</p>

<p> Pakkanen, R. &amp; Aalto, J. (1997) Review paper: Growth factors and antimicrobial factors of bovine colostrum. International Dairy Journal, 7, 285-297.</p>

<p>Patton, S., Canfield, LM, Huston, GE, Ferris, AM &amp; Jensen, RG (1990) Carotenoids of human colostrum. Lipids, 25(3), 426-433.</p>

<p> Pereira, PC (2014) Milk nutritional composition and its role in human health. Nutrition, 30, 619-627.</p>

<p> Pier, GB, Lyczak, JB &amp; Wetzler, LM (2005) Immunology, Infection and Immunity. ASM Press. ISBN1-55581-246-5.</p>

<p> Playford, RJ, MacDonald, CE &amp; Johnston, W. S (2000) Colostrum and milk-derived peptide growth factors for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 72(1), 5-14.</p>

<p> Pontoppidan, PEL, Shen, RL, Cilieborg, MS, Jiang, P., Kissow, H., Petersen, BL, Thymann, T., Heilmann, C., Müller, K. &amp; Sangild, PT (2015) Bovine colostrum modulates myeloablative chemotherapy-induced gut toxicity in piglets. The Journal of Nutrition: Nutrition and Diseases, 145(7), 1472-1480.</p>

<p>Rathe, M., Müller, K., Sangild, PT &amp; Husby, S. (2014) Clinical applications of bovine colostrum therapy: a systematic review. Nutrition Reviews, 72(4), 237-254.</p>

<p> Robblee, ED, Erickson, PS, Whitehouse, NL, McLaughlin, AM, Schwab, CG, Rejman, JJ &amp; Rompala, RE (2003) Supplemental lactoferrin improves health and growth of Holstein calves during the preweaning phase. Journal of Diary Science, 86(4), 1458-1464.</p>

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<p> Seifu, E., Buys, E. &amp; Donkin, E. (2005) Significance of the lactoperoxidase system in the dairy industry and its potential applications: a review. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 16(4), 137-154.</p>

<p>Spitsberg, VL (2005) Invited Review: Bovine milk fat globule membrane as a potential nutraceutical. Journal of Dairy Science, 88(7), 2289-2294.</p>

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<p> Thapa, BR (2005) Therapeutic potentials of bovine colostrums. Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 72(10), 849-852.</p>

<p> Underdown, B. &amp; Shiff, J. (1986) Immunoglobulin A: strategic defense initiative at the mucosal surface. Annual Reviews of Immunology, 4(1), 389-417.</p>

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<p> Uruakpa, FO, Ismond, MAH &amp; Akobundu, ENT (2002) Colostrum and its benefits: a review. Nutrition Research, 22(6), 755-767.</p>

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<p>Zanker, IA, Hammon, HM &amp; Blum, JW (2000) Beta-carotene, retinol and alpha-tocopherol status in calves fed the first colostrum at 0–2, 6–7, 12–13 or 24–25 hours after birth. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research, 70 (6), 305-310.</p>

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Instructions and Practical Tips Dosage: 1-2 teaspoons (5-10 grams) per day. Preparation: Stir the powder well into your drink or dish until completely dissolved. Storage: Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight. Tip: Combine it with a protein shake after your workout for a natural boost! Storage advice Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight. Close tightly after opening to maintain freshness. Plent Pro Tip: Usage Tip Mix Big Food Whole Colostrum Powder into your smoothie or protein shake for easy and tasty consumption. Warnings Do not use if you have an allergy to dairy products. Consult a doctor if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, or have medical conditions. Do not exceed the recommended dosage. User Experiences Have you tried Big Food Whole Colostrum Powder yet? Leave a review and help others with their choice!

Ingredients and Allergen Information Ingredients: 100% colostrum powder (derived from cow's milk). Allergens: Contains milk. Not suitable for individuals with a milk allergy or lactose intolerance. Safety and Warnings Big Food Whole Colostrum Powder is a supplement and not a substitute for a varied diet or medical treatment. Do not exceed the recommended dosage. Consult a doctor if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, or have a medical condition. This product is not intended for children and should be kept out of their reach. It is also gluten-free and GMO-free, making it suitable for people with specific dietary requirements. Nutritional Value and Natural Composition Colostrum is naturally rich in proteins, which play an important role in the growth and maintenance of muscle mass – a fact that is fully in line with authorized nutritional claims. It also contains immunoglobulins, growth factors, and a range of essential nutrients such as vitamins and minerals. Below you will find the nutritional values per 100 grams of Big Food Whole Colostrum Powder: Energy: 400 kcal Proteins: 60 grams Carbohydrates: 15 grams Fats: 10 grams Fiber: 0 grams Immunoglobulins: 20 grams This concentrated composition makes colostrum a versatile addition to your daily diet, ideal for athletes, active people, or anyone who wants to naturally increase their protein intake.

A nutritional supplement is not a substitute for a varied and balanced diet and a healthy lifestyle. Do not exceed the recommended daily dosage. Keep out of reach of young children.

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